«Разработка комплекта дидактических материалов (раздел «Грамматика и лексика») для подготовки выпускников к сдаче ЕГЭ».
Комплект заданий на словообразование:
1. Переведите сложные существительные и подставьте подходящие по смыслу в предложения.
Mother-in-law, baby-sitter, pen-friend, timetable, software, fairy-tale, motorway, painkiller, skateboard, e-mail, feedback, stomachache, sunshine, update, bedclothes, nutcrackers, outskirts, underpants, swimsuit, water-colour, semicircle, ex-husband.
1. I’m going to start working and find a good … for my son.
2. I feel sick and I have a terrible … .
3. I don’t like noisy cities, I’d rather live in the … .
4. Put on your … and let’s go to the beach.
5. Mary’s favourite … is “Cinderella”.
6. The maid in the hotel changed our … every day.
7. According to the … our bus will come in 20 minutes.
Keys:
1.Теща/свекровь, няня, друг по переписке, расписание, программное обеспечение, сказка, автомагистраль, болеутоляющее, скейтборд, электронная почта, обратная связь, боль в животе, солнечный свет, обновление, постельное белье, щипцы для орехов, окрестности, кальсоны, купальник, акварель, полукруг, бывший супруг.
1. baby-sitter
2. stomachache
3. outskirts
4. swimsuit
5. fairy-tale
6. bedclothes
7. timetable
2. Переведите сложные прилагательные и подставьте подходящие по смыслу в предложения.
Open-minded, easy-going, old-fashioned, blue-eyed, red-haired, snow-white, well-built, duty-free, good-looking, broad-shouldered, good-tempered, hand-made, absent-minded, short-sighted.
1.My granny is 65 years old but she isn’t … at all.
2. Put on this expensive suit. You must be … for your job interview.
3. He is very kind, I’ve never seen him angry. I find him … and … .
4. She always forgets her things, she is very … .
5. He is fond of weightlifting in the gym, that’s why he is so … .
6. This bag wasn’t produced in a factory, it is … .
7. I have to go to the doctor and have my eyes tested, I am too … .
Keys:
Непредвзятый, покладистый, старомодный, голубоглазый, рыжеволосый, белоснежный, хорошо сложенный, беспошлинный, привлекательный, широкоплечий, добродушный, ручной работы, рассеянный, близорукий.
1. old-fashioned
2. good-looking
3. easy-going, good-tempered
4. absent-minded
5. well-built
6. hand-made
7. short-sighted
3. Поставьте в предложения слова, стоящие в скобках, добавив необходимые приставки и/или суффиксы.
Example: Your blood … is really high today. (press) – Your blood pressure is really high today.
1. Our … is very strong. (friend )
2. Her water-colour … are so sweet. (draw )
3. It was very … to ignore my invitation. (polite )
4. The key stuck in the door and I can’t … it now. (lock )
5. I can see … in your eyes. (happy )
6. The soup is ready. It’s on the … . (cook)
7. We can say without … that he is the best boxer in our city. (hesitate)
8. The car … will compensate the damage of your car. (insure)
9. Mother says I was naughty in my … . (child)
10. When I’m stressed or tired I often … and then I put on weight. (eat)
11. Water … is one of the largest problems in our world. (pollute)
12. Her face was flushed with … . (excite)
13. Unfortunately, he doesn’t have any … . (imagine)
14. I am satisfied with the new … . (equip)
15. Don’t be afraid, the dog is … . (harm)
16. The operation was … without an anaesthetic. (pain)
17. The law protects children from … . (cruel)
18. There are a lot of … places in the park. (history)
19. There is a … of a new tornado in our region. (possible)
20. They got married without their parents’ … . (permit)
Keys:1. friendship – дружба
2. drawings – рисунки
3. impolite – невежливо
4. unlock — отпереть
5. happiness – счастье
6. cooker – плита
7. hesitation — сомнение
8. insurance – страхование
9. childhood – детство
10. overeat – переедать
11. pollution – загрязнение
12. excitement – волнение
13. imagination – воображение
14. equipment – оборудование
15. harmless – безобидный
16. painful – болезненный
17. cruelty – жестокость
18. historical – исторический
19. possibility – возможность
20. permission- разрешение
4.Образуйте от данных глаголов существительные
1. с помощью суффикса –er или -or. Переведитенарусскийязык.
To act, to conduct, to compose, to direct, to drive, to fight, to found, to invent, to lead, to mine, to read, to report, to speak, to teach.
Keys: actor, conductor, composer, director, driver, fighter, founder, inventor, leader, miner, reader, reporter, speaker, teacher.
2. при помощи суффиксов -ist, -ism, -ian. Переведитенарусскийязык.
Art, social, type, capital, music, international, piano, electric, Canada, Russia.
Keys: artist, socialist, capitalist, musician, internationalist, pianist, electrician, Canadian, Russian.
3.спомощьюсуффикса –ment. Переведитенарусскийязык.
To improve, to measure, to disappoint, to pave, to announce, to agree, to state, to govern, to require, to arrange, to move, to develop, to achieve.
Keys: improvement, measurement, disappointment, pavement, announcement, agreement, statement, government, requirement, arrangement, movement, development/ achievement
4. с помощью суффиксов –ion, -ation, -sion, -ssion, -tion.Переведите на русский язык.
To collect, to combine, to connect, to dictate, to include, to introduce, to produce, to restrict, to submit.
Keys: collection, combination, connection, dictation, inclusion, introduction, production, restriction, submission.
5. с помощью суффикса –ness. Переведите на русский язык.
Bitter, absolute, damp, cold, dark, kind, happy, weak.
Keys: bitterness, absoluteness, dampness, coldness, darkness, happiness, weakness
5. Образуйте как можно больше существительных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
| dis- excite -y un- appoint -ship im- honest -ment patient -ness success -ion direct -ful kind -less help friend luck like |
Keys: возможныевариантысловexcitement, disappointment, honesty, dishonest, impatient, successful, unsuccessful, direction, kindness, unkind, helpful, helpless, friendship, lucky, unlucky, dislike, likeness.
6. Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами – существительными.
| 1.More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet (1)________ from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone (2)________ in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, if there are no holes in it. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air (3)____________ . The air needs (4)________ and care. Man is beginning to understand that his (5)_________ is not just his own town or country, but the whole earth. | RADIATE LAY POLLUTE PROTECT ENVIRON |
Keys: 1. radiation, 2.layers, 3. pollution, 4. protection, 5. environment.
| 2.(1)__________ are proud of their Constitution. It was written more than 200 years ago and it is still working! But the people of the United states can change the Constitution. Changes in the Constitution are called (2)___________. The first ten of them are called the Bill of Rights. They were made in 1791. The Bill of Rights guarantees to people of the USA very important rights and (3)__________. Soon after the Civil War (1861-1865) there were three important amendments. The 13th amendment ended (4)_________ , the 14th amendment made all Black people (5)__________ of the United States, the 15th amendment gave Blacks the right to vote. | AMERICA AMEND FREE SLAVE CITY |
Keys: 1. Americans, 2. amendments, 3. freedoms, 4. slavery, 5. citizens.
| 3.Lord Byron (1788-1824) didn’t live a long life. He was an aristocrat and a fashionable man. But he loved (1)_________ and a simple country life. His (2)_________ attracted Britain and all Europe. He brought to his (3)_________ romanticism of his times. He was talented and handsome, noble and brave. (4)_________ admired him. In 1812 he became famous after the (5)__________of his autobiographic poem “Childe Harold”. | FREE PERSONAL POET LONDON PUBLIC |
Keys: 1. freedom, 2. personality, 3. poetry, 4. Londoners, 5. publication.
| 4. I always wanted to be a great (1)_________. I had the dreams of discovering a new drug that would save the lives of hundreds of people. Unfortunately I was never good at (2)_________ at school and the teacher used to be very cross with me. After a while I decided I would become an (3)_________ and design an amazing new (4)_________ which would become a household name. A few weeks later I had a brilliant idea for a pen that would write upside down. To my (5)_________ a friend of mine pointed out that it was not a new (6)________. | SCIENCE SHEMIST INVENT PRODUCE DISAPPOINT DISCOVER |
Keys: 1. scientist, 2. chemistry, 3. inventor, 4. production, 5. disappointment, 6. discovery.
| 5.The trade union (1) _____________ has a long and important history in Britain, but since 1980 the influence of trade unions has declined dramatically. Trade union (2)_____________ has fallen because of changes in the structure of(3)______ , including (4)__________, the shift away from manufacturing, the rise in smaller firms, the increase in part-time employment, and the constructing out of work. The Conservative government restricted unions’ (5)___________ to launch strikes and made unions legally responsible for the actions of(6)____________; this has considerably reduced union power and substantially decreased the number of strikes, called Keys: 1. movement, 2. membership, 3. employment, 4. privatization, 5. ability 6.strikers, 7. stoppages (7)____________.
| MOVE MEMBER EMPLOY PRIVATIZE ABLE STRIKE STOP |
7. Образуйте от данных существительных прилагательные при помощи суффиксов –ful и -less. Переведитеихнарусскийязык.
1. Aim, care, beauty, hope, doubt, fruit, use, power, thank, harm, colour.
Keys: aimful/aimless, careful/careless, beautiful, hopeful/hopeless, doubtful/doubtless, fruitful/fruitless, useful/useless, powerful/powerless, thankful/thankless, harmful/harmless, colourful/colourless.
2. при помощи суффиксов –able и -ible. Переведитеихнарусскийязык.
To change, to eat, to compare, to convert, to profit, to read, to comfort, to respect, to expect.
Keys: changeable, eatable, comparable, convertible, profitable, readable, comfortable, respectable, expectable.
3. при помощи суффикса –al. Переведитенарусскийязык.
Centre, culture, form, intellect, post, accident, comic.
Keys: central, cultural, formal, intellectual, postal, accidental, comical.
4. при помощи суффикса –y. Переведите на русский язык.
Cloud, dirt, fog, frost, rain, sun, thirst, wind.
Keys: cloudy, dirty, foggy, frosty, rainy, sunny, thirsty, windy.
8. Образуйте как можно больше прилагательных, используя префиксы и суффиксы из таблицы. Можно пользоваться словарем.
| un- patient -able dis- history -al non- honest -ant in- west -ern il- marvel -y ir- happy-less im- national -ous pre- conscious -ful post- act -ish inter- war -ive legal -ic regular -ern capable beauty hope boy sun rain skill home care comfort brown usual help |
Keys: impatient, historic, historical, prehistoric,dishonest, western, marvelous, unhappy, international, unconscious, active, postwar, illegal, irregular, incapable, beautiful, hopeful, hopeless, boyish, sunny, rainy, skillful, homeless, careful, careless, uncomfortable, comfortable, brownish, unusual, helpful, helpless.
9.Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами –прилагательными.
| 1. All my classmates say that I’m (1)________. I enjoy wearing (2)________ clothes. I like to look smart and (3)________. We can’t go through life with the same hairstyle or make-up. It’s very (4)_________ to follow fashion. I hate when people dress alike, because they buy clothes in “chain” stores. I prefer hand-made or design clothes. My classmates say that I’m (5)________, but it’s not a sin, is it? Sometimes I turn up in something really (6)_________. When you are up with fashion you feel you are individual. | TREND STYLE ATTRACT IMPORTANCE MATERIALIST EXTRAVAGANCE |
Keys: 1. trendy, 2. stylish, 3. attractive, 4. important, 5. materialistic, 6. extravagant.
| 2. For (1)_________ people, the ‘Far East” is the broad coast along the Pacific Ocean, facing Alaska in the far north and Japan in the sub-tropical south, and including the large island of Sakhalin. Inland lie forests, mountains, lakes, rivers and marshes known as Siberia. Siberia is usually divided into Western and Eastern, the former is (2)________ and low-lying and rich in oil, the latter is (3)________and rich in minerals, gold and diamonds. The twenty million people who live in this region are mostly Russians and Ukrainians by origin. Besides there live other people. They all call themselves (4)_______ and speak of Russia as beginning west of the Urals. | RUSSIA MARSH MOUNTAIN SIBERIA |
Keys: 1. Russian, 2. marshy, 3. mountainous, 4. Siberians.
| 3.Water pollution is a serious (1)________ problem today. “Water, water everywhere, not any drop to drink,” said the sailor from Coleridge’s poem describing to a friend how awful it was to be without drinking water on a ship in the middle of the ocean. It is strange to think that the water around his ship was probably quite safe to drink. It was (2)________ - but not polluted. The sea waters today are much more (3)_________ . Many seas are used for dumping (4)________ and nuclear waste. | ECOLOGY SALT DANGER INDUSTRY |
Keys: 1. ecological, 2 .salty, 3. dangerous, 4. industrial.
| 4.The United States is a large country with many (1)__________ natural wonders. It goes from the shores of the Atlantic Ocean to the islands of Hawaii in the Pacific, and from cold, snowy (2)__________ Alaska to (3)_________ Florida in the southeast. Also, it has many kinds of land – (4)________ coasts, dry empty deserts, (5)__________ rivers, wide plains and grasslands, lakes of all sizes, high mountains, great forests, sunny beaches and lands of (6)__________ winter. More than 250 million people live in the US. But the country is very big, so there is still a lot of open space and (7)_______ scenery outside the cities. Americans have tried to save many of the most (8)__________ wild areas of the United States. There are a lot of parks, forests and wildlands where you can enjoy the beauty and power of wild America. The Grand Canyon, Yosemite Valley, and Yellow-stone are among the most (9)________. | DIFFER NORTH SUN ROCK POWER END NATURE BEAUTY FAME |
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Keys: 1.different, 2.northern, 3.sunny, 4.rocky, 5.powerful, 6.endless, 7.natural, 8.beautiful, 9.famous.
10. Выделите в следующих словах суффиксы и префиксы. Назовитечастьречи.
Brotherhood, helpless, boredom, unequal, drinkable, golden, leader, Japanese, secondary, anti-fascist, similar, peacemaker, surgery, furniture, comical, convenient, acceptable, achievement, anonymous, academician, Georgian, disarmament, witty, hysterical, Buddhism, co-existence, scientific, materialist, radiant, rootless, international, measurement, underground, creature, dirty, agrarian, absoluteness, yellowy, inventor, technical, various, tactless, comradeship, creature, reddish.
11.Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами –существительными и прилагательными.
| 1.Alan Alexander Milne, the youngest of the family’s three sons, went to Westminster School at the age of 11 and then went on to Cambridge to become a (1)__________ . But he never did. Instead he became (2)_________ of the university journal “Granta” in which he published some of his light (3)_________ poems. Then he went to London hoping to earn his living as a (4)_______. By and by London magazines began to publish his (5)________ works, and in 1905 he published his first book, a shilling paper-back (6)_________ of humorous essays. Aged only 24 he was given a post of (7)________ editor of the (8)__________ magazine “Punch”. | MATHEMATICS EDIT HUMOUR WRITE WIT COLLECT ASSIST FAME |
Keys: 1. mathematician, 2. editor, 3. humorous, 4. writer, 5. witty, 6. collection, 7. assistant, 8. famous.
| 1.The Olympic Games are an (1)___________ sports festival that began in ancient Greece. The (2)_________ Greek games took place every fourth year for several hundred years, until they were brought to an end in the early (3)__________ era. The Olympic games were renewed in 1896, and since then they have been staged every fourth years, except during World War I and World War II. Perhaps the main (4)_________ between ancient and modern Olympics is that for the ancient Greeks the Games were a way of saluting their gods, when the modern Games are a manner of saluting the (5)________ talents of people of all nation. The original Olympics included (6)__________ in music, oratory, and theatre (7)_________ as well. The modern Games haven’t got them, but they represent a lot more sports than before. For two weeks and a half any international conflicts must be stopped and replaced with friendly competitions. This is the noble idea on which the modern Olympic (8)________ is based. | NATION ORIGIN CHRIST DIFFER ATHLETE COMPETE PERFORM MOVE |
Keys: 1. international, 2. original, 3. Christian, 4. difference, 5. athletic, 6. competitions, 7. performances, 8. movement.
| 2.The people of the United States are a (1)________ of many (2)________. Every American schoolchild learns that the United States is the big “melting pot” of countries. In a melting pot (3)________ metals are melted together to make a new metal. The United States is like a melting pot for people. In the past, people from many different (4)_________ countries came to the US and made one country out of many. These different people brought to their new land a (5)________ mixture of customs and traditions. The Germans brought Christmas trees, the Irish brought St. Patrick’s Day (6)__________, the Scots brought Hallowe’en. | MIX NATION DIFFER EUROPE WONDER CELEBRATE |
Keys: 1. mixture, 2. nationalities, 3. different, 4. European, 5. wonderful, 6. celebrations.
| 3.Isn’t it (1)_________ to discover new places? Travel has always been a part of people’s (2)__________. It teaches people about art and culture. It teachers them to be understanding. You can also improve your knowledge of foreign languages. What is more, (3)________ is the basis of the biggest (4)________ in the world. Tourists spend a lot of money. Rich countries can sell cars and computers. But what can poor countries sell? Their (5)________ beaches and their wonderful countryside. | WONDER EDUCATE TOUR BUSY BEAUTY |
Keys: 1. wonderful, 2. education,3. tourism, 4 business, 5. beautiful.
| 4.There are amateur cricket clubs all over England, but there is a big (1)_________ between the amateur and the (2)_________ cricketer. The amateur cannot get money for the game. The professional (3)_________ is in a much (4)__________ class. He has to learn many kinds of skills. He has to be an athlete, to run fast and jump and turn like a gymnast. He must be (5)___________, and must not let other (6)_____________ be (7)__________ with him. | DIFFER PROFESSION CRICKET HIGH PATIENCE PLAY HONEST |
Keys: 1. difference, 2. professional, 3. cricketer, 4. higher, 5. patient, 6. players, 7. dishonest.
| 5.This museum is the world’s (1)_______ museum of (2)_________ arts. It houses many of the world’s (3)_________ treasures. Here you’ll find the national collection of (4)_________, furniture, music instruments, textiles and dress, ceramics and glass, silver and (5)_________ from European and non-western countries.________ | FINE DECORATE GREAT SCULPT JEWEL |
Keys: 1. finest, 2. decorative, 3. greatest, 4. sculpture, 5. jewelry.
| 6.Action films? What a bore! Criminals, shooting, (1)________. Nothing else. I agree that such films have the right to exist. They have some positive features. They are dynamic, (2)________ and full of special effects. But they are (3)_________. I can’t believe one man can win over the Mafia. Some people watch (4)_________ to cool off and such films are good for them. But other people can get sick and (5)________ especially teenagers. There are (6)_________ ways to cool off, I think. | EXPLOSIVE DRAMA REAL VIOLENT NERVE GOOD |
Keys: 1. explosions, 2. dramatic, 3. unrealistic, 4. violence, 5. nervous, 6. better.
12. Образуйте от данных прилагательных глаголы, используя суффикс –en. Переведитенарусскийязык.
1. Black, sharp, short, red, soft, deep, dark, bright, weak white, sweet, wide.
Keys: blacken, sharpen, shorten, redden, soften, deepen, darken, brighten, weak whiten, sweeten, widen.
2.используя суффикс –fy. Переведитенарусскийязык.
Simple, pure, beauty, solid, identic(al), false intense.
Keys: simplify, purify, beautify, solidify, identify, false identify.
3. используя суффикс –ize(ise). Переведите на русский язык.
Character, crystal, sympathy, agony, apology.
Keys: characterize, crystalize, sympathize, agonize, apologize.
13. Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами –глаголами.
| 1. Like many modern developed countries, The United Kingdom has a mixed economy. This means that some sectors of economy are operated by the government and some are operated by private business. Since World War II, Britain has worked to (1)_________ the mix of private and public enterprises in order to (2)_________ the country’s economy and (3)_________ the economic well-being of its citizens. After World War II the government (4)__________, or took over, a number of large and troubled industries. These included coal, electricity, transport, gas, oil, steel, car and truck manufacturing, shipbuilding and aircraft building. Since the 1950s, the government has (5)________ a number of these industries, selling them to private firms. | EQUAL MAXIMUM SURE NATION PRIVATE |
Keys: 1. equalize, 2. maximize, 3. ensure, 4. nationalized, 5. privatized.
14. Образуйте наречия при помощи суффикса –ly и переведите их.
Silent, wide, cruel, happy, rapid, quick, part, first, extreme.
Keys: silently, widely, cruelly, happily, rapidly, quickly, partly, firstly, extremely.
Суффиксы числительных
| Суффикс | Значение | Примеры |
| -teen | числительные от 13 до 19 | six - sixteen |
| -ty | десятки | six- sixty |
| -th | порядковые числительные | six- sixth |
15. Прочитайте приведенные ниже тексты. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Подумайте над следующими вопросами:
1. Каким членом предложения является пропущенное слово?
2. Какой частью речи этот член предложения выражен (обратите внимание на исходную форму слова, напечатанную заглавными буквами на полях)?
3. Какая грамматическая форма образуется по контексту?
4. Каковы особенности правописания этой формы?
| 1. The individual states all have (1)________ forms of government with a senate and a house. There is only one (2)_________, Nebraska, which has only one (3)________ body of 49 senators. All have (4)________ branches headed by state governors and (5)_________ court systems. Each state has its own constitution. But all must respect the federal laws and not make laws that interfere with the laws of the other states. The Us Constitution determines federal(6)__________. All other (7)__________ belong to the states and to the local (8)__________ . | REPUBLIC ECEPT LEGISLATE EXECUTE DEPEND RESPONSIBLE AUTOMATICAL COMMUNE |
Keys: 1. republican, 2. exception, 3. legislative, 4. executive, 5 .independent, 6. responsibilities,7. automatically, 8. communities.
| 2.Bike (1)_________ appeared in Russia with the (2)___________ of Moscow motorbike club ‘Night Wolves’. (3)__________ it was founded on May 31,1989. But the core of it appeared in the early 80s. A (4)__________ in Russia prefers a heavy bike like Harley Davidson and a leather jacket. The club is so (5)________ not only in Russia but also all over the world that the first Russian Bike Show, which took place in 1995, attracted a lot of guests from abroad. | CULTURE APPEAR OFFICIAL BIKE FAME |
Keys: 1. subculture, 2 .appearance, 3. officially, 4. biker, 5 .famous.
| 3.Football (soccer) is the (1)________ sport, and British club teams are often (2)________ in Europe. But British football today has a bad fame at home and abroad, because of the (3)_________ of some groups of fans who get drunk and fight with each other. Most British fans (4)_________ violence and help the police to put an end to it. | NATION SUCCESS VIOLENT LIKE |
Keys: 1. national, 2. successful, 3. violence, 4. dislike.
| 4.In Britain people (1)________ pay compliments on the things they like about the people they are talking to. They also expect to hear “Thank you!” in response to a compliment. Besides, they add something to keep the (2)________ going. In Britain people usually do not (3)_________ with compliments. Sometimes they pay a compliment in return. Too many compliments may be interpreted as (4)_______. But not enough compliments may be interpreted as a sign of (5)_________. | USUAL CONVERSE AGREE SINCERE LIKE |
Keys: 1. usually, 2. conversation, 3. disagree, 4. insincerity, 5. dislike.
