TEST.
1). Reading. Read the text. Match the headings and the paragraphs:
1. Greenhouse effect
2. Our fragile planet
3. Oxygen and carbon dioxide
4. Climate is becoming warmer
A. Recently climate has changed a lot in our country, especially in its European part. Some scientists think the world is becoming hotter. If you compare Moscow winter and summer temperatures at the beginning of our century and at its end you will see that climate has really changed. Winters have become warmer. Sometimes there is little snow in January, and there were winters when it rained on the New Year’s Eve.
B. Many people say that it is so because of the greenhouse effect. It works like this – sunlight gives us heat. Some of it warms the air and some goes back into space. Nowadays the heat can’t get back into space because of carbon dioxide.
C. People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide. We produce carbon dioxide when we burn things. Trees take this gas from the air, and produce oxygen. But in the last few years, people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means there are fewer trees and, of course, more carbon dioxide!
D. As we see the climate in different part of the world changes a little from year to year. These changes can be dangerous for our fragile planet which needs protection. Earth is millions years old, much older than the humans. We know many of its secrets. Yet there is still much to learn.
2). Vocabulary. Complete the sentences using the words – influence, the humans, heat, ruins, produce.
1. Rainforests …. oxygen.
2. The greenhouse effect ….. the climate of our planet.
3. ……. have been exploring space for centuries.
4. ….. from the sun warms the atmosphere of the earth.
5. Ecological problems …… the life of people.
3). Grammar. Open the brackets and translate the sentences.
Helen … (to wash) the dishes for fifteen minutes.
My classmates … (to write) a dictation since the beginning of the lesson.
Sam … (to drive) a car for five hours now.
I … (to look) for information on the subject since last Friday.
Molly … (to paint) this picture for three days now.
The tourists … (to do) the sightseeing since nine o’clock.
You … (to work) as a computer programmer for more than fifteen years.
The wind … (to blow) since yesterday.
My grandfather … (to collect) coins since he was a boy.
Andy and Den … (to discuss) the plans for their winter holidays for two hours now.
